Animal Residue Data Sheet - Lambda-cyhalothrin

Lambda-cyhalothrin is registered in Australia for use on cereals (barley, wheat, sorghum), brassicas (cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, forage brassica), cotton, canola, legumes/pulses (faba beans, chick peas, vetch, field peas, lupins, navy beans, mung beans, soybeans), lucerne, pasture, citrus fruit (oranges, lemons), sunflower, potato and tomato. Lambda-cyhalothrin is also registered for use on sheep, as a backline pour-on formulation. Details of the registered use patterns can be found on the approved labels of registered products containing lambda-cyhalothrin as the active constituent. This Animal Residue Data Sheet provides information on the possible residues in feed commodities obtained from crops treated with lambda-cyhalothrin. It also provides information on the anticipated maximum dietary exposure of animals fed treated commodities which should not result in the violation of animal MRLs.

Current MRLs

The Australian MRLs for cyhalothrin in food and animal feed commodities, as listed in Table 1 and Table 4 of the MRL Standard [as at September 2002] are shown below. The residue definition of lambda-cyhalothrin is "cyhalothrin, sum of the isomers".

Code	Food	Current MRL, mg/kg
Food Commodities
GC 0640	Barley	0.2
VB 0040	Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables	0.1
FC 0001	Citrus fruits	*0.01
SO 0691	Cotton seed	*0.02
VP 0060	Legume vegetables	0.1
VR 0589	Potato	*0.01
VD 0070	Pulses (except soyabean (dry))	0.2
SO 0495	Rape seed	0.02
GC 0651	Sorghum	0.5
VD 0541	Soya bean (dry)	*0.02
SO 0702	Sunflower seed	*0.01
VO 0448	Tomato	0.02
GC 0654	Wheat	*0.05
Animal commodities
MO 0105	Edible offal (mammalian)	*0.02
PE 0112	Eggs	*0.02
MM 0095	Meat (mammalian) [in the fat]	0.5
ML 0106	Milks [in the fat]	0.5
PO 0111	Poultry, Edible offal of	*0.02
PM 0110	Poultry meat	*0.02
Animal feed commodities
	Cereal forage (green)	1.0
	Cotton seed by-products	1.0
	Forage brassicas (green)	1.0
	Legume animal feeds (green)	1.0
	Lucerne/pasture (green)	1.0
	Rape/canola forage (dry)	1.0

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Summary of maximum feeding levels and livestock dietary intakes

The Maximum Feeding Level (MFL, the feeding level at which the MRLs are based), the equivalent Daily Dietary Intake For Livestock (DDIL) and the equivalent daily intake of lambda-cyhalothrin are summarised below.

Species	MFL, ppm in diet	Equivalent DDIL, mg/kg bw	Equivalent intake of lambda-cyhalothrin, mg/animal/day
Cattlea	1.0	0.03	20
Sheepb	1.0	0.04	2.5
Pigc	1.0	0.04	2.5
Poultryd	1.0	0.07	0.15
a Based on animal transfer study b Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day c Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day d Based on animal transfer study

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Detailed information

All feed commodities

Feed commodities that may contain residues of lambda-cyhalothrin are listed in the table below. The theoretical maximum proportion of the diet that the commodity can comprise, when residues are present at the MRL, without the significant risk of animal commodity MRLs being violated is also given. It should be noted that the feeding levels assumed by the APVMA when setting animal commodity MRLs are theoretical values, and they should not be taken as recommendations of appropriate rations for livestock.

Commodity a	Assumed Maximum proportion of diet (%)b	Feed intake (kg/animal/day)c	MRL (mg/kg) d	Maximum intake of lambda-cyhalothrin from commodity (mg/animal/day)e	Theoretical maximum proportion of diet (%)f
Cattle (Based on a 500 kg animal consuming 20 kg DM/day)
Cereal grains	100	20	0.5	10	100
Cereal forage (green)	100	20	1.0	20	100
Cotton seed	30	6	*0.02	0.12	100
Cotton seed by-products	30	6	*0.02	0.12	100
Forage brassicas (green)	100	20	1.0	20	100
Legume animal feeds (green)	100	20	1.0	20	100
Lucerne/pasture (green)	100	20	1.0	20	100
Pulses (except soyabean (dry))	100	20	1.0	20	100
Rape/canola forage (dry)	100	20	1.0	20	100
Soyabean (dry)	100	20	*0.02	0.40	100
Sheep (Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day)
Cereal grains	100	2.5	0.5	1.25	100
Cereal forage (green)	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Cotton seed	30	0.75	*0.02	0.015	100
Cotton seed by-products	30	0.75	*0.02	0.015	100
Forage brassicas (green)	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Legume animal feeds (green)	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Lucerne/pasture (green)	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Pulses (except soyabean (dry))	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Rape/canola forage (dry)	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Soyabean (dry)	100	2.5	*0.02	0.050	100
Pigs (Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day)
Cereal grains	100	2.5	0.5	1.25	100
Cotton seed	30	0.75	*0.02	0.015	100
Cotton seed by-products	30	0.75	*0.02	0.015	100
Legume animal feeds (green)	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Pulses (except soyabean (dry))	100	2.5	1.0	2.5	100
Soyabean (dry)	100	2.5	*0.02	0.050	100
Poultry (Based on a 2 kg animal consuming 150 g DM/day)
Cereal grains	100	0.15	0.5	0.075	100
Cotton seed	30	0.045	*0.02	0.0009	100
Cotton seed by-products	30	0.045	*0.02	0.0009	100
Legume animal feeds (green)	100	0.15	1.0	0.15	100
Pulses (except soyabean (dry))	100	0.15	1.0	0.15	100
Soyabean (dry)	100	0.15	*0.02	0.003	100
a The feed commodities that may contain residues of lambda-cyhalothrin, and may form more than 20% of an animals diet. b The maximum % of the diet that the commodity is assumed to comprise for the purposes of setting MRLs, based on Stockfeed Information Document 1 c The equivalent amount of feed for an animal of designated weight and feed intake that is assumed for the purposes of setting MRLs d The MRL for each feed commodity (correction for dry weight basis where required) e The maximum intake of lambda-cyhalothrin when the commodity is fed at the maximum assumed level (Column 1) in the absence of other sources of lambda-cyhalothrin. f The maximum % of the diet at which the commodity could theoretically be fed without significant risk of exceeding animal commodity MRLs. It is assumed that the residue in the feed commodity is present at the MRL (or dry weight equivalent) and other dietary sources of lambda-cyhalothrin are absent.

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Abbreviations and definitions

DM: Dry matter. The feed consumption for livestock and the residue levels in feed commodities are expressed on a dry matter basis.

DDIL: Daily Dietary Intake for Livestock. The level of dietary exposure for a specified chemical in a specified species that should not result in exceedance of the relevant animal commodity MRLs. Expressed in mg chemical/kg bodyweight.

MFL: Maximum Feeding Level. The level of dietary exposure for a specified chemical in a specified species that should not result in exceedance of the relevant animal commodity MRLs. Expressed in terms of ppm in the feed.

MRL: The concentration of a chemical residue, in units of mg/kg, that is legally permitted in or on a food or food commodity.

ppm in the feed: Parts per million in the feed. An alternate way of expressing the level of dietary exposure for a chemical. The level of chemical intake is calculated as though it were present uniformly in the total feed intake. The ppm the feed is calculated using the following formula: DDIL (mg chemical/kg bw) _ body weight (kg) ¸ daily feed intake (kg).

STMR-P: Supervised Trial Median Residue of the processed commodity. The highest residue that livestock are likely to be exposed to in practice when fed processed commodities over a prolonged period. This is derived from the STMR of the whole commodity multiplied by the processing factor.

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Attachment 1: Anticipated maximum dietary exposure

The following calculations outline the theoretical diet used to calculate the maximum anticipated dietary exposure, maximum feeding level (MFL) and the daily dietary intake for livestock (DDIL) for cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.

Cattle

Feed group	Feed commodity	% in the diet	Feed intake, kg/animal/daya	MRL, mg/kg	% DMb	Intake of lambda-cyhalothrin, mg/animal/dayc
Legume animal feeds (green)	Field peas	100	20	1.0	--	20
Total		100	20			20
aBased on assumed feed consumption of 20 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 500 kg

Maximum anticipated dietary exposure:	20 mg/animal/day
equivalent to:	0.04 mg/kg bw
equivalent to:	1.0 ppm in the diet
MFL (dairy cattle data):	1.0 ppm in the diet
equivalent DDIL:	0.03 mg/kg bw

Sheep

Feed group	Feed commodity	% in the diet	Feed intake, kg/animal/daya	MRL, mg/kg	% DMb	Intake of lambda-cyhalothrin, mg/animal/dayc
Legume animal feeds (green)	Field peas	100	2.5	1.0	--	2.5
Total		100	2.5			2.5
aBased on assumed feed consumption of 2.5 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 60 kg

Maximum anticipated dietary exposure:	2.5 mg/animal/day
equivalent to:	0.04 mg/kg bw
equivalent to:	1.0 ppm in the diet
MFL (Based on extrapolation of cattle data):	1.0 ppm in the diet
equivalent DDIL:	0.04 mg/kg bw

Pigs

Feed group	Feed commodity	% in the diet	Feed intake, kg/animal/daya	MRL, mg/kg	% DMb	Intake of lambda-cyhalothrin, mg/animal/dayc
Legume animal feeds (green)	Field peas	100	2.5	1.0	--	2.5
Total		100	2.5			2.5
aBased on assumed feed consumption of 2.5 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 60 kg

Maximum anticipated dietary exposure:	2.5 mg/animal/day
equivalent to:	0.04 mg/kg bw
equivalent to:	1.0 ppm in the diet
MFL (Based on extrapolation of cattle data):	1.0 ppm in the diet
equivalent DDIL:	0.04 mg/kg bw

Poultry

Feed group	Feed commodity	% in the diet	Feed intake, kg/animal/daya	MRL, mg/kg	% DMb	Intake of lambda-cyhalothrin, mg/animal/dayc
Legume animal feeds (green)	Field peas	100	0.15	1.0	--	0.15
Total		100	0.15			0.15
aBased on assumed feed consumption of 0.150 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 2 kg

Maximum anticipated dietary exposure:	0.15 mg/animal/day
equivalent to:	0.075mg/kg bw
equivalent to:	1.0 ppm in the diet
MFL (Based on the available animal feeding data (Attachment 2)):	1.0 ppm in the diet
equivalent DDIL:	0.07 mg/kg bw

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Attachment 2: Residue data

The residue definition of lambda-cyhalothrin in Australia is "cyhalothrin, sum of the isomers".

Selected residue data for animal feed commodities

Cyhalothrin residue data for grain commodities

Location, year	Crop	Rate, g ai/ha	No.	PHI, days	% DM	Cyhalothrin, mg/kg DM
Victoria, 1986	Barley (grain)	9.0 (0.9_)	1	13	--	0.071
				21	--	0.051
				28	--	0.020
	Barley (grain)	18.0 (1.8_)	1	13	--	0.130
				21	--	0.144
				28	--	0.034
Australia, 1986	Lupins	9.0 (1.5_)	1	14	--	0.06
				21	--	0.05
				26	--	0.04
	Lupins	18.0 (3_)	1	14	--	0.13
				21	--	0.11
				26	--	0.13
Victoria, 1987	Sorghum (grain)	9.0 (0.5_)	1	14	--	0.05
				19	--	0.12
				27	--	0.06
	Sorghum (grain)	18.0 (1_)	1	14	--	0.10, 0.17
				19	--	0.14
				27	--	0.13
Queensland, 1998	Sorghum (grain)	18.0 (1_)	2	14	--	0.18. 0.19, 0.17, 0.14
Australia (date not specified)	Field peas	15 (1.67_)	2	1	--	0.07
				7	--	0.06
				14	--	0.03
	Field peas	30 (3.3_)	2	1	--	0.16
				7	--	0.11
				14	--	0.04

Cyhalothrin residue data for forage (whole plant) commodities

Location, year	Crop	Rate, g ai/ha	No.	PHI, days	% DM	Cyhalothrin, mg/kg DM
Victoria, 1986	Barley (forage)	9.0 (0.9_)	1	0	25	0.76
				7		0.72
				15		0.60
				21		0.80
				28		0.88
	Barley (forage)	18.0 (1.8_)	1	0	25	2.28
				7		1.48
				15		1.88
				21		1.60
				28		1.52
Australia, 1986	Lupins (forage)	9.0 (1.5_)	1	0	25	0.96
				5		0.40
				12		0.32
				19		0.44
	Lupins (forage)	18.0 (3_)	1	0	25	1.88
				5		0.92
				12		1.12
				19		1.80
Victoria, 1986/87	Field peas (forage)	15 (1.67_)	1	0	25	1.72
				7		1.08
				15		0.52
				21		1.12
				28		1.56
	Field peas (forage)	30 (3.3_)	1	0	25	4.84
				7		2.88
				14		1.20
				21		2.64
				28		2.08
South Australia, 1988	Field peas (forage)	9.0 (1_)	1	7	25	0.52, 0.68, 0.76, 0.68
Victoria, 1988	Oilseed, rape (forage)	9.0 (1_)	2	3	25	0.68
				7		0.60
				14		0.72
				24		0.40
	Oilseed, rape (forage)	18.0 (2_)	2	3	25	1.68
				7		1.44
				14		0.96
				24		0.92
France, 1990/91	Lucerne	7.5 (0.75_)	1	0	35	0.66
				15		0.17
				21		0.09
South Africa, 1989	Lucerne	6.0 (0.6_)	2	1	35	0.60
				8		0.34
				16		<0.14

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Selected animal transfer data

Lactating cows — milk and tissues

Lactating cows were orally dosed for 28 consecutive days with lambda-cyhalothrin at levels of 1, 5 and 25 ppm in the diet (equivalent to 0.03, 0.17 and 0.83 mg/kg bw, based on an average body weight of 600 kg)

Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in tissues following 28 consecutive daily doses

Matrix	Feed level, ppm in diet	Residues, mg/kg
Muscle	1	<0.01, <0.01, 0.01, <0.01, <0.01, 0.01
	5	0.03, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.07, 0.05
	25	0.12, 0.11, 0.14, 0.02, 0.29, 0.41
Fat (subcutaneous)	1	0.01, 0.05, 0.21
	5	0.47, 0.81, 0.53
	25	1.7, 1.3, 4.6
Fat (peritoneal)	1	0.08, 0.20, 0.50
	5	1.2, 1.8, 1.0
	25	4.0, 6.0, 7.9
Liver	1	<0.01, 0.03, <0.01
	5	0.01, <0.01, 0.01
	25	0.07, 0.06, 0.10
Kidney	1	0.02, 0.01, 0.01
	5	0.05, 0.07, 0.02
	25	0.15, 0.19, 0.43
Milk (whole, days 1-28)	1	0.01-0.03
	5	0.07-0.18
	25	0.23-0.73

Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin, mg/kg, in milk and tissues of the depuration animals (25 ppm feeding level). Dosing concluded on study day 28.

Sample	Days after withdrawal	Residues, mg/kg
Whole milk	3	0.44
	5	0.08
	7	0.03
	9	0.02
	11	0.02
	13	0.01
	15	<0.01
Muscle	14	0.05, <0.01, 0.03, <0.01
Fat (subcutaneous)	14	1.1, 0.03
Fat (peritoneal)	14	2.6, 0.47
Liver	14	<0.01, <0.01
Kidney	14	0.16, 0.20

Laying Hens

Laying hens were orally dosed for 28 consecutive days with lambda-cyhalothrin at levels of 1, 5 and 25 ppm in the diet (equivalent to 0.07, 0.35 and 1.75 mg/kg bw, based on an average body weight of 2.065 kg).

Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in tissues and eggs following 28 consecutive daily doses

Matrix	Feed level, ppm in diet	Residues, mg/kg
Muscle	1	0.002, 0.002, 0.002, <0.002
	5	0.003, 0.002, 0.004, 0.003
	25	0.020, 0.009, 0.007,0.010, 0.005, 0.007
Skin with fat	1	0.02, 0.01, 0.02, 0.02
	5	0.05, 0.04, 0.05, 0.05
	25	0.22, 0.12, 0.14, 0.14, 0.13, 0.21
Abdominal fat	1	0.03, 0.03, 0.03, 0.02
	5	0.08, 0.08, 0.07, 0.09
	25	0.47, 0.47, 0.25, 0.59, 0.39, 0.82
Liver	1	<0.005, <0.005, <0.005, <0.005
	5	<0.005, <0.005, <0.005, <0.005
	25	0.005, <0.005, 0.006, <0.005, <0.005, <0.005
Eggs (whole, days 1-28)	1	<0.005 (whole egg) 0.006-0.010 (yolk) <0.005 (albumin)
	5	<0.005-0.030 (whole egg) 0.03 (yolk) <0.005 (albumin)
	25	<0.005-0.070 (whole egg) 0.23-0.28 (yolk) <0.005 (albumin)

Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin, mg/kg, in eggs and tissues of the depuration birds (25 ppm feeding level). Dosing concluded on study day 28.

Sample	Days after withdrawal	Residues, mg/kg
Whole eggs	3	0.03, 0.05
	5	0.03, 0.03
	7	<0.005, <0.005
	9	<0.005
	11	<0.005
	14	<0.005
Muscle	7	0.004, 0.007, 0.010, 0.005, 0.005, 0.010
	14	0.006, <0.002, 0.020, <0.002, 0.002, 0.040
Skin with fat	7	0.26, 0.19, 0.19, 0.13, 0.18, 0.31
	14	0.15, 0.19
Abdominal fat	7	0.44, 0.23, 0.28, 0.20, 0.28, 0.31
	14	0.23, 0.26
Liver	7	<0.005, 0.020, <0.005, <0.005, <0.005, 0.010
	14	<0.005, 0.007

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