ARDS - Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos is registered in Australia for use on a wide range of crops and horticultural commodities. Details of the approved use patterns can be found on the approved labels of registered products containing chlorpyrifos as the active constituent. This Animal Residue Data Sheet provides information on the possible residues in feed commodities obtained from crops treated with chlorpyrifos. It also provides information on the anticipated maximum dietary exposure of animals fed treated commodities, which should not result in the violation of animal MRLs.

It should be noted that chlorpyrifos was reviewed as part of the APVMA Chemical Review Program and the interim review was released in November 2000 [http://www.apvma.gov.au/chemrev/chlor.shtml]. It is anticipated that further residue data will be made available for important animal feeds such as cereal grains, legume animal feeds, grasses, grass-like plants, and pastures. A determination of anticipated livestock dietary exposure from all approved uses cannot be made at this time.

This Animal Residue Data Sheet is based on the current MRLs for chlorpyrifos. It is likely that additional MRLs for animal feeds will be established when the Review is finalised.

Current MRLs

The Australian MRLs for chlorpyrifos in food and animal feed commodities, as listed in Table 1 and Table 4 of the MRL Standard (as at 24 March 2003) are shown below. The residue definition of chlorpyrifos is the parent compound per se.

Code	Food	MRL, mg/kg
Food Commodities
VS 0621	Asparagus	T0.5
FI 0326	Avocado	0.5
FI 0327	Banana	T0.5
VB 0040	Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head cabbages, Flowerhead brassicas	T0.5
VR 0463	Cassava	T*0.02
VS 0624	Celery	T5
GC 0080	Cereal grains [except sorghum]	T0.1
FC 0001	Citrus fruits	T0.5
SB 0716	Coffee beans	T0.5
SO 0691	Cotton seed	0.05
OC 0691	Cotton seed oil, crude	0.2
DF 0167	Dried fruits	T2
HS 0784	Ginger, root	*0.02
FB 0269	Grapes	T1
FI 0341	Kiwifruit	2
VA 0384	Leek	T5
FI 0345	Mango	*0.05
SO 0088	Oilseed	T0.01
FT 0305	Olives	T*0.05
FI 0351	Passion fruit	*0.05
FT 0307	Persimmon, Japanese	T*0.05
FI 0353	Pineapple	T0.5
FP 0009	Pome fruits	T0.5
VR 0589	Potato	0.05
GC 651	Sorghum	T3
FS 0012	Stone fruits	T1
FB 0275	Strawberry	0.05
GS 0659	Sugar cane	T0.1
VR 0508	Sweet Potato	T0.05
VO 0448	Tomato	T0.5
	Vegetables [except asparagus; brassica vegetables;cassava; celery, leek; potato; tomato]	T*0.01
Animal commodities
MO 0105	Edible offal (mammalian)	T0.1
MM 0095	Meat (mammalian)[in the fat]	T0.5
ML 0106	Milks [in the fat]	T0.2
PO 0111	Poultry, Edible offal of	T0.1
PM 0110	Poultry meat [in the fat]	T0.1
PE 0112	Eggs	T*0.01
Animal feed commodities
AM 0691	Cotton fodder, dry	30
	Cotton meal and hulls	0.05

Summary of maximum feeding levels and livestock dietary intakes

The Maximum Feeding Level (MFL, the feeding level at which the MRLs are based), the equivalent Daily Dietary Intake For Livestock (DDIL) and the equivalent daily intake of chlorpyrifos are summarised below.

Species	MFL, ppm in diet	Equivalent DDIL, mg/kg bw	Equivalent intake of chlorpyrifos, mg/animal/day
Cattle ^a	10	0.40	200
Sheep ^b	10	0.42	25
Pig ^c	10	0.60	21.3
Poultry ^d	10	0.69	1.1
^a MFL based on feeding level in beef cattle and dairy cattle transfer studies. DDIL based on a 500 kg animal consuming 20 kg DM/day ^b No sheep transfer data available. MFL based on cattle transfer study. DDIL based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day ^c Based on a pig transfer study (35 kg animal consuming 2.1 kg DM/day) ^d Based on a hen transfer study (1.6 kg animal consuming 110 g DM/day)

Detailed information

All feed commodities

Selected feed commodities that may contain residues of chlorpyrifos are listed in the table below. Note that there are currently no MRLs established for feed commodities derived from field crops (other than cotton). Estimates of the chlorpyrifos dietary intake from such sources have not been included in the table.

The theoretical maximum proportion of the diet that the commodity can comprise, when residues are present at the MRL, without the significant risk of animal commodity MRLs being violated is also given. It should be noted that the feeding levels assumed by the APVMA when setting animal commodity MRLs are theoretical values, and they should not be taken as recommendations of appropriate rations for livestock.

Commodity^a	Assumed Maximum proportion of diet (%)^b	Feed intake (kg/animal/day)^c	MRL or expected residue (mg/kg)^d	Maximum intake of chlorpyrifos from commodity (mg/animal/day)^e	Theoretical maximum proportion of diet (%)^f
Cattle (Based on a 500 kg animal consuming 20 kg DM/day)
Cereal grains [except sorghum]	100	20	T0.1	0.2	100
Citrus fruits (fed as pulp)	20	4	1.3 (Note g)	5.2	100
Cotton seed	30	6	0.05	0.3	100
Cotton seed oil, crude	5	1	0.2	0.2	100
Grapes (fed as pomace)	20	4	4 (Note h)	16	100
Oilseed	30	6	T0.01	0.06	100
Pome fruits (fed as pomace)	20	4	3.3 (Note i)	13.2	100
Cotton meal and hulls	30	6	0.05	0.3	100
Sheep (Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day)
Cereal grains [except sorghum]	100	2.5	T0.1	0.25	100
Citrus fruits (fed as pulp)	20	0.5	1.3 (Note g)	0.65	100
Cotton seed	30	0.75	0.05	0.0375	100
Cotton seed oil, crude	5	0.125	0.2	0.025	100
Grapes (fed as pomace)	20	0.5	4 (Note h)	2	100
Oilseed	30	0.75	T0.01	0.0075	100
Pome fruits (fed as pomace)	20	0.5	3.3 (Note i)	18.2	100
Cotton meal and hulls	30	0.75	0.05	0.0375	100
Pigs (Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day)
Cereal grains [except sorghum]	100	2.5	T0.1	0.25	100
Citrus fruits (fed as pulp)	20	0.5	1.3 (Note g)	0.65	100
Cotton seed	30	0.75	0.05	0.0375	100
Cotton seed oil, crude	5	0.125	0.2	0.025	100
Grapes (fed as pomace)	20	0.5	4 (Note h)	2	100
Oilseed	30	0.75	T0.01	0.0075	100
Pome fruits (fed as pomace)	20	0.5	3.3 (Note i)	18.2	100
Cotton meal and hulls	30	0.75	0.05	0.0375	100
Poultry (Based on a 2 kg animal consuming 150 g DM/day)
Cereal grains [except sorghum]	100	0.15	T0.1	0.015	100
Citrus fruits (fed as pulp)	20	0.03	1.3 (Note g)	0.039	100
Cotton seed	30	0.045	0.05	0.00225	100
Cotton seed oil, crude	5	0.0075	0.2	0.0015	100
Grapes (fed as pomace)	20	0.03	4 (Note h)	0.12	100
Oilseed	30	0.045	T0.01	0.0045	100
Pome fruits (fed as pomace)	20	0.03	3.3 (Note i)	0.099	100
Cotton meal and hulls	30	0.045	0.05	0.00225	100
^a The feed commodities that may contain residues of chlorpyrifos, and may form more than 20% of an animals diet. ^b The maximum % of the diet that the commodity is assumed to comprise for the purposes of setting MRLs, based on Stockfeed Information Document 1 ^c The equivalent amount of feed for an animal of designated weight and feed intake that is assumed for the purposes of setting MRLs ^d The MRL for each feed commodity (correction for dry weight basis where required) ^e The maximum intake of chlorpyrifos when the commodity is fed at the maximum assumed level (Column 1) in the absence of other sources of chlorpyrifos. ^f The maximum % of the diet at which the commodity could theoretically be fed without significant risk of exceeding animal commodity MRLs. It is assumed that the residue in the feed commodity is present at the MRL (or dry weight equivalent) and other dietary sources of chlorpyrifos are absent. ^g Based on processing factor of 2.6 for dry citrus pulp (JMPR, 2000) multiplied by citrus MRL (T0.5 mg/kg) ^h Based on processing factor of 4.0 for dry grape pomace (JMPR, 2000) multiplied by grape MRL (T1 mg/kg) ⁱ Based on processing factor of 6.6 for dry apple pomace (JMPR, 2000) multiplied by pome fruit MRL (T0.5 mg/kg)

Comparison of animal commodity MRLs

Commodity	MRL, mg/kg ¹
Commodity	Australia ²	US ³	Codex ⁴
Meat (mammalian)[in the fat]	T0.5	--	--
Cattle meat (fat)	--	--	2 (V)
Cattle, fat	--	0.3	--
Cattle, meat and meat byproducts	--	0.05	--
Goat, fat	--	0.2	--
Goat, meat and meat byproducts	--	0.05	--
Hog, fat	--	0.2	--
Hog, meat and meat byproducts	--	0.05	--
Horse, meat, fat, and meat byproducts	--	0.25	--
Sheep, fat	--	0.2	--
Sheep meat (fat)	--		0.2 (V)
Sheep, meat and meat byproducts	--	0.05	--
Poultry meat [in the fat]	T0.1	--	--
Chicken meat (fat)	--	--	0.1
Turkey meat (fat)	--	--	0.2 (V)
Poultry, meat, fat, and meat byproducts (inc. turkeys)	--	0.1	--
Edible offal (mammalian)	T0.1	--	--
Poultry, Edible offal of	T0.1	--	--
Milks [in the fat]	T0.2	--	--
Milk, fat	--	0.25	--
Milk, whole	--	0.01	*0.01 (V)
Eggs	T*0.01	0.01	*0.05

1. The residue definition for the above MRLs in Australia, US and Codex is chlorpyrifos per se. Note that the US residue definition for some commodities of PLANT origin includes the 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol metabolite. Codex MRLs followed by "(V)" denote that the MRL accommodates veterinary uses. MRLs preceded with " * " denotes that the MRL is established at or about the limit of determination.

2. Source: MRL Standard, http://www.apvma.gov.au/residues/mrl_standard.shtml, on 24 March 2003.

3. Source: Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, current as of Federal Register dated 19 March 2003. As per Federal Register Volume 65 page 33711, May 24, 2000 and amendment Volume 67 page 49617, July 31, 2002.

4. Source: Codex Alimentarius: Pesticide Residues in Food database, output on 24 March 2003 http://apps.fao.org/CodexSystem/pestdes/pest_q-e.htm

Abbreviations and definitions

DM: Dry matter. The feed consumption for livestock and the residue levels in feed commodities are expressed on a dry matter basis.

DDIL: Daily Dietary Intake for Livestock. The level of dietary exposure for a specified chemical in a specified species that should not result in exceedance of the relevant animal commodity MRLs. Expressed in mg chemical/kg bodyweight.

MFL: Maximum Feeding Level. The level of dietary exposure for a specified chemical in a specified species that should not result in exceedance of the relevant animal commodity MRLs. Expressed in terms of ppm in the feed.

MRL: The concentration of a chemical residue, in units of mg/kg, that is legally permitted in or on a food or food commodity.

ppm in the feed: Parts per million in the feed. An alternate way of expressing the level of dietary exposure for a chemical. The level of chemical intake is calculated as though it were present uniformly in the total feed intake. The ppm in the feed is calculated using the following formula: DDIL (mg chemical/kg bw) _ body weight (kg) ¸ daily feed intake (kg).

STMR-P: Supervised Trial Median Residue of the processed commodity. The highest residue that livestock are likely to be exposed to in practice when fed processed commodities over a prolonged period. This is derived from the STMR of the whole commodity multiplied by the processing factor.