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Priority 2 - Chemicals nominated for review
Back to full priority list of chemicals nominated for review
Reasons for Nomination: HH = Human Health, E = Environmental, R = Residues
Aluminium phosphide (phosphine) (HH)
Aluminium phosphide is a rodenticide, insecticide and cereal grain fumigant in Schedule 7 (i.e. carrying the signal heading ‘dangerous poison’) of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has a high potential to cause harm at low concentrations. On exposure to air or moisture, the phosphine generates poisonous phosphine gas. This phosphine gas can also occur in the Gastrointestinal Tract if aluminium phosphide tablets are swallowed. Aluminum phosphide has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
Products containing aluminium phosphide include a number of different preparations that are used to treat various moths, weevils, beetles, borers and mites in stored commodities such as seeds and grains, milled products, dried fruits and nuts, in processed foods and in animal foods. The commodity is fumigated with the gas-forming tablet, granule, dust, powder or blanket for up to 20 days in sealed containers, warehouses or bales. It is also used as a fumigant for the control of rabbits in warrens.
Amitrole is a herbicide in Schedule 5 (i.e. carrying the signal heading caution) of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has low to moderate potential to cause harm. Amitrole has been nominated for review because of environmental and human health concerns.
Products containing amitrole are formulated with other herbicides including simazine and ammonium thiocyanate. They are used to kill a range of weeds including grasses, broadleaf weeds, nut grasses, blackberries and cumbungi. They are used in various situations including home gardens, factory sites, orchards, vineyards, irrigation ditches and drains, eucalyptus and pine plantations, roadsides, in potato crops and in cereals pre emergence. Products containing amitrole come in various forms including aqueous and emulsifiable concentrates, liquids, wettable powders, suspension concentrates and soluble powders and are generally applied in a spray form from boom-sprays, spray packs or directly from the retail container.
Carbofuran is a insecticide and nematicide that is only registered for use in certain states of Australia. Carbofuran is a Schedule 7 (i.e. carrying the signal heading dangerous poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has a high potential to cause harm at low concentrations. Carbofuran has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
Carbofuran containing products are used to kill white rice stem borers and leafhoppers in rice and budworm (Helicoverpa) and help prevent yellow dwarf virus in tobacco (through the control of common brown leaf hopper). They are also used to treat certain nematodes in sugarcane and cereal cyst nematodes (ellworm) in wheat and barley. These products are applied by either band or broadcast application methods.
Chlorothalonil is a fungicide in Schedule 6 (Poison) of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and therefore has a moderate potential to cause harm. Chlorothalonil has been nominated for review because of environmental, human health and residues concerns.
The products containing this fungicide come in various forms including antifouling paints, soluble and aqueous concentrates, liquids and water dispersible granules. Chlorothalonil is used for the control of fungal diseases in many different fruit and vegetable crops, as well as in turf, ornamentals, freshly sawn Pinus spp. timber and in various tree and vine crops.
Chlortetracycline, a veterinary antibiotic is used to treat bacterial infections in animals, and is a Schedule 4 chemical in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP), that is, products containing chlortetracycline can only be prescribed by a veterinarian. Chlortetracycline has been nominated for review because of environmental concerns.
Products containing this antibiotic come in an oral powder form that can be dissolved in water and administered as a drench to pigs, cats and dogs or added to the drinking water for pigs and poultry.
Pre-mixed oral powders, granules and pellets can be mixed into dry feed preparations.
Chlortetracycline-containing products are used for the treatment of bacterial infections in pigs, calves, poultry, dogs, cats and aviary birds. They are also included in the feed supplies of pigs and calves for prophylactic use when the veterinarian considers the animal at risk from disease. This is likely to be in periods of stress such as weaning, vaccination and transport.
Disodium methylarsonate (DSMA) (HH)
Disodium Methylarsonate (DSMA) is a herbicide and defoliant used in agriculture. Depending on the concentration of the active constituent in the product, it is scheduled either as a Schedule 6 (Poison) or a Schedule 7 (Dangerous Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has a moderate to high potential to cause harm. DSMA has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
DSMA-containing products come in the form of soluble concentrates, wettable powders and aqueous concentrates and are applied using either spot sprays or cover sprays.
Products containing DSMA are used to kill a wide range of broadleaf and grass weeds in golf courses, bowling greens and lawns, sports turfs (including couch, buffalo, bent and fescue grasses) and other non agricultural areas. DSMA also has some limited uses in cotton crops. Its target weeds include paspalum, Mullumbimby couch, white clover, sedges, crab and nut grasses
The dithiocarbamates are a group of pesticides including the active constituents mancozeb, metiram, propineb, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbimate thiobencarb, thiram, zineb, ziram and zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate. Products containing these active constituents are used as fungicides and herbicides. They have been nominated for review because of environmental, human health and residues concerns.
Some of the currently registered dithiocarbamate containing products are soil fumigants applied by soil injection, cover spray or rotary tiller prior to planting. These products are Schedule 6 (Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP); they have a moderate potential to cause harm. These products are used to kill germinating weeds seeds including winter grass and fat hen, soil-borne pests such as nematodes and symphilids and fungal diseases including rhizoctonia, pythium, phytophthora, sclerotinia and club root of crucifers. They can be used in potting soil, field applications, greenhouses, raised beds, seedbeds and lawns. Crops that dithiocarbamate containing products are used on include ornamentals, food and fibre crops and tobacco.
Another product containing the dithiocarbamate thiobencarb is a Schedule 5 (Caution) emulsifiable concentrate used for the control of barnyard grass and dirty dora in rice.
Products containing the Schedule 6 (Poison) dithiocarbamate active thiram are used to control fungal diseases in turf, flowers, fruit, ornamentals, seeds, vegetables and vines. They are also used as seed treatments in chickpeas, lupins and sorghum to control various fungal diseases and as antifouling paints for boats.
Hexazinone is a herbicide used in agriculture. Products containing hexazinone are included in Schedule 5 (Caution) or Schedule 6 (Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP), depending on the concentration of the active. Hexazinone has been nominated for review because of environmental and human health concerns.
Products containing hexazinone come in various forms including granular formulations, aqueous concentrates, dry flowables, soluble concentrates and water dispersible granules. The products are applied by ground, air and spot spraying or by direct injection into the stem of the target plant. Hexazinone can be used in various situations including Pinus radiata plantations, around agricultural buildings, on pastures, in commercial and industrial areas and rights of way and also in sugar cane. Target weeds of hexazinone are numerous annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses, including many that are persistent and hard to kill. It is also used to kill woody weeds, small trees (various spp) and vines.
Metaldehyde is a pesticide and molluscicide in Schedule 5 of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has a low potential to cause harm. It is used in agriculture and the home garden. Metaldehyde has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
Generally, products containing metaldehyde come in bait or pellet form but they are also available as powders or in granular formulations. The products are predominantly used in the home garden around flowers, seedlings, fruits and vegetables, to kill snails and slugs. They can be used on potted plants or in garden beds
Monosodium methylarsonate (MSMA) (HH)
Monosodium methylarsonate (MSMA) is a post emergent herbicide used in agriculture. MSMA is in Schedule 7 (Dangerous Poison) of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has a high potential to cause harm at low concentration. MSMA has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
MSMA is used for the control of various annual and perennial grasses and burrs in cotton, annual and perennial grasses in sugarcane, grass weeds in turf and prickly pear, grasses and burrs in non-cropping areas such as roadsides, fence lines and storage areas. Products containing MSMA come in aqueous, suspension and soluble concentrates and liquid forms and are applied by spot, ground or aerial spraying.
Naphthalophos is an organophosphorus anthelmintic (worm treatment) used to treat animals. It is a Schedule 6 (Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has a moderate potential to cause harm. Naphthalophos has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
Products containing naphthalophos are available in oral solution/suspension and oral powder/premix forms and are administered as a drench. Preparations containing naphthalos are used in sheep and lambs to control organophosphate-susceptible strains of gastrointestinal mature and immature roundworms including strains of barbers pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) which are resistant to ivermectin and moxidectin. Other preparations are used to control black scour worms, lungworms, itch mites and nasal bots.
Phorate is an organophosphorus insecticide, nematocide and soil fumigant used in agriculture. It is a Schedule 6 (Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and therefore has a moderate potential to cause harm. Phorate has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
Products containing phorate come in a granular formulation and are used for the control of various insects such as ‘sucking insects’ including aphids, thrips and mites, mirids, wireworm and false wireworm. The products are used in a small range of crops, viz. cotton, certain ornamentals and certain vegetables.
Rotenone is an insecticide and acaricide used in horticulture and to treat animals in a wide range of applications. Rotenone has been nominated for review because of human health concerns.
The predominant applications of rotenone are to eradicate cockroaches, caterpillars, aphids, thrips and 2-spotted-mite and to treat black spot, powdery mildew and leaf rust in vegetables, fruits, vines, flowers and ornamentals. Products containing rotenone used for this application are available in bait or dust formulations and are either exempt from scheduling or are in Schedule 5 (signal heading ‘Caution’) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP), depending on the concentration of the active or other constituents contained in the product.
Rotenone is also used in powder or topical solution/suspension formulations for the treatment of lice, mites, fleas and keds in a wide range of domestic animals including dogs, sheep, cats, fowl, calves, horses and goats. These products are either in Schedule 5 (signal heading ‘Caution’) or in Schedule 6 (signal heading ‘Poison’) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP). They have a low to moderate potential to cause harm.
Selenium is a trace element and is used as an additive to anthelmintic products to treat animals infected with parasitic worms. This is done as Selenium deficiencies are often associated with parasitic infections. Selenium has been nominated for review because of environmental concerns regarding run-off and human health concerns due to the potential for residues in treated animals.
Selenium is used in two main situations. It is used as a shampoo for dogs and cats to treat summer itch, eczema, and dermatitis caused by bacterial and fungal infections in the skin. Products containing selenium used in the treatment of these conditions are either Schedule 5 (Caution) or 6 (Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and therefore has a low to moderate potential to cause harm.
The largest use of selenium in Australia is the inclusion in drench and vaccines for the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA or cheesy gland), enterotoxaemia, tetanus and other white muscle diseases in sheep and lambs as well as other domestic animals. Animals treated with these products are subjected to withholding periods and export slaughter intervals.
Simazine and cyanazine (E, HH)
Simazine and cyanazine are triazine herbicides and algaecides used in agriculture and the home and garden. Simazine and cyanazine have been nominated for review because of environmental and human health concerns.
Preparations containing simazine and cyanazine are either exempt from scheduling or are in Schedule 5 (Caution) of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP). They have a low potential to cause harm. They are available in various formulations including liquids, aqueous concentrates, tablets and powders and are used for the control of a large variety of weed species, both broadleaf and grasses in fruits, vegetables, lentils, vineyards, home garden and non-agricultural situations as well as in triazine tolerant (TT) Canola. In these preparations it is a Schedule 5 (Caution) or Schedule 6 (Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and comes in soluble concentrate and wettable granule forms which are mixed with water and applied by ground boom spray.
Simizine and cyanazine products are also used to control algae in pools, aquariums and ponds.
Terbufos is an organophosphorus insecticide and nematocide and soil fumigant used in agriculture. Terbufos is classified as a Schedule 7 (Dangerous Poison) in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) and has a high potential to cause harm at relatively low concentrations. Products are formulated as granules, which are incorporated into the soil at various stages and can be used in combination with various other products depending on the application. Terbufos has been nominated for review because of environmental and human health concerns.
Products containing terbufos are used for the treatment of wireworms in maize, sunflowers, sorghum and sweet corn, white grubs and white-fringed weevil in peanuts and for weevil borers and burrowing nematodes in bananas. They are also used to reduce the damage caused by cereal cyst nematode in wheat and barley.